{"id":66333,"date":"2019-05-05T17:16:58","date_gmt":"2019-05-05T15:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66333"},"modified":"2019-05-14T15:09:40","modified_gmt":"2019-05-14T13:09:40","slug":"madrasa-koukeldach","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66333","title":{"rendered":"Madrasa Koukeldach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>C&rsquo;est la m\u00e9dersa la plus importante des vingt-trois que comprend la vieille ville de Tachkent. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite au plus tard en 1568-1569 par le ministre (vizir) des sultans chaybanides, Barak Khan et Dervich Khan, et a pris le nom de \u00ab Koukeldach \u00bb, ce qui signifie \u00ab fr\u00e8re de lait \u00bb, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire en fait \u00ab ami de c\u0153ur \u00bb. C&rsquo;est ainsi qu&rsquo;\u00e9taient nomm\u00e9s les dignitaires de confiance des sultans.<\/p>\n<p>Le haut portail (pishtak) \u00e0 auvent (iwan), de 19,7 m\u00e8tres m\u00e8ne \u00e0 une cour int\u00e9rieure dans laquelle donnent les deux \u00e9tages de cellules (houdjr) qui sont au nombre de soixante, de deux m\u00e8tres sur deux m\u00e8tres. Celles-ci sont constitu\u00e9es d&rsquo;une chambre et d&rsquo;une niche \u00e0 auvent (iwan). Autrefois les cellules \u00e9taient occup\u00e9es par deux ou trois \u00e9tudiants en th\u00e9ologie coranique. Des tours d&rsquo;angle (gouldasta) de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 du portail, les muezzins appelaient aux prosternations quotidiennes . La m\u00e9dersa n&rsquo;\u00e9tait plus en activit\u00e9 au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s le t\u00e9moignage (r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en 1795) du marchand de Tachkent, Nour Mohammed, et servait d\u00e9j\u00e0 depuis longtemps de simple caravans\u00e9rail, puis elle servit de forteresse et de prison au XIXe si\u00e8cle du temps du khanat de Kokand. C&rsquo;est ici qu&rsquo;\u00e9taient jet\u00e9es, du haut du parapet, les femmes adult\u00e8res qui \u00e9taient emprisonn\u00e9es dans un sac cousu et tombaient sur le sol de la place jonch\u00e9 de pierres tranchantes. Cette peine a \u00e9t\u00e9 abolie en 1865 \u00e0 l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e des Russes. <\/strong><br \/>\n<div id=\"wondergridgallerylightbox_options_91\" data-skinsfoldername=\"skins\/default\/\"  data-jsfolder=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/wonderplugin-gridgallery-trial\/engine\/\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"wonderplugingridgallery\" id=\"wonderplugingridgallery-91\" data-gridgalleryid=\"91\" data-width=\"200\" data-height=\"150\" data-skin=\"tiles\" data-style=\"roundcorner\" data-categorylist=\"[{&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Show All&quot;}]\" data-mediumgridsize=\"false\" data-smallgridsize=\"false\" data-applylinktotext=\"false\" data-fullwidth=\"false\" data-fullwidthsamegrid=\"false\" data-supportshortcode=\"false\" data-donotzoomin=\"false\" data-enabletabindex=\"false\" data-masonrymode=\"false\" data-random=\"false\" data-shownavigation=\"true\" data-shownavcontrol=\"true\" data-hidenavdefault=\"false\" data-nohoverontouchscreen=\"false\" data-hoverzoomin=\"true\" data-hoverzoominimageonly=\"true\" data-hoverzoominimagecenter=\"false\" data-hoverfade=\"false\" data-responsive=\"true\" data-mediumscreen=\"true\" data-smallscreen=\"true\" data-showtitle=\"true\" data-showtexttitle=\"true\" data-showtextdescription=\"false\" data-showtextbutton=\"false\" data-overlaylink=\"false\" data-donotaddtext=\"false\" data-lightboxnogroup=\"false\" data-lightboxcategorygroup=\"false\" data-justifymode=\"false\" data-donotjustifylastrowifoverlimit=\"false\" data-donotjustifyifonlyonerowandoverlimit=\"true\" data-limitjustifymaxheight=\"true\" data-usetemplatefortextoverlay=\"false\" data-usetemplateforgrid=\"false\" data-deferloading=\"false\" data-lightboxshowallcategories=\"false\" data-lightboxshowtitle=\"true\" data-lightboxshowdescription=\"false\" data-lightboxaddsocialmedia=\"false\" data-lightboxresponsive=\"true\" data-centerimage=\"true\" data-circularimage=\"false\" data-firstimage=\"false\" data-textinsidespace=\"false\" data-donotinit=\"false\" data-addinitscript=\"false\" data-lightboxshowsocial=\"false\" data-lightboxshowemail=\"false\" data-lightboxshowfacebook=\"true\" data-lightboxshowtwitter=\"true\" data-lightboxshowpinterest=\"true\" data-lightboxshowdownload=\"false\" data-lightboxsocialrotateeffect=\"true\" data-lightboxenablehtml5poster=\"false\" data-lightboxenableaudio=\"false\" data-lightboxaudioautoplay=\"true\" data-lightboxaudioloop=\"true\" data-lightboxaudioshowonhover=\"true\" data-categorymulticatand=\"false\" data-categoryshow=\"false\" data-categoryhideall=\"false\" data-categorymulticat=\"false\" data-categoryatleastone=\"false\" data-addvideoplaybutton=\"true\" data-lightboxfullscreenmode=\"false\" data-lightboxcloseonoverlay=\"true\" data-lightboxvideohidecontrols=\"false\" data-lightboxfullscreentextoutside=\"true\" data-lightboxfullscreenmodeonsmallscreen=\"false\" data-lightboxfullscreentextinside=\"false\" data-triggerresizeafterinit=\"false\" data-removeinlinecss=\"true\" data-lightboxresponsivebarheight=\"false\" data-lightboxnotkeepratioonsmallheight=\"false\" data-lazyloadimages=\"true\" data-triggerresize=\"true\" data-loadallremaining=\"false\" data-lightboxautoslide=\"false\" data-lightboxshowtimer=\"true\" data-lightboxshowplaybutton=\"true\" data-lightboxalwaysshownavarrows=\"false\" data-lightboxshowtitleprefix=\"true\" data-smallimgheightpercent=\"100\" data-mediumimgheightpercent=\"100\" data-imgheightpercent=\"100\" data-smallimgwidthpercent=\"100\" data-mediumimgwidthpercent=\"100\" data-imgwidthpercent=\"100\" data-mediumwidth=\"320\" data-mediumheight=\"240\" data-smallwidth=\"320\" data-smallheight=\"240\" data-thumbwidth=\"90\" data-thumbheight=\"60\" data-thumbtopmargin=\"12\" data-thumbbottommargin=\"4\" data-barheight=\"64\" data-titlebottomcss=\"color:#333; font-size:14px; font-family:Armata,sans-serif,Arial; overflow:hidden; text-align:left;\" data-descriptionbottomcss=\"color:#333; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;\" data-googleanalyticsaccount=\"\" data-gap=\"8\" data-margin=\"0\" data-borderradius=\"4\" data-justifymaxheight=\"1\" data-hoverzoominvalue=\"24\" data-hoverzoominduration=\"180\" data-hoverzoominimagescale=\"1.1\" data-hoverzoominimageduration=\"360\" data-hoverfadeopacity=\"0.8\" data-hoverfadeduration=\"300\" data-videoplaybutton=\"playvideo-64-64-0.png\" data-column=\"1\" data-mediumcolumn=\"1\" data-mediumscreensize=\"800\" data-smallcolumn=\"1\" data-smallscreensize=\"600\" data-titlemode=\"always\" data-titleeffect=\"slide\" data-titleeffectduration=\"300\" data-titleheight=\"0\" data-scalemode=\"fill\" data-lightboxbgcolor=\"#fff\" data-lightboxoverlaybgcolor=\"#000\" data-lightboxoverlayopacity=\"0.9\" data-navbgcolor=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.2)\" data-deferloadingdelay=\"0\" data-categoryposition=\"topleft\" data-categorystyle=\"wpp-category-greybutton\" data-categorydefault=\"all\" data-verticalcategorysmallscreenwidth=\"480\" data-triggerresizedelay=\"500\" data-triggerresizeafterinitdelay=\"500\" data-lightboxfullscreensmallscreenwidth=\"800\" data-lightboxbordertopmargin=\"48\" data-lightboxbordertopmarginsmall=\"36\" data-lightboxresizespeed=\"400\" data-lightboxfadespeed=\"0\" data-lightboxtransition=\"none\" data-lightboxtransitionduration=\"400\" data-lightboxaudiofile=\"\" data-lightboxsocialposition=\"position:absolute;top:100%;right:0;\" data-lightboxsocialpositionsmallscreen=\"position:absolute;top:100%;right:0;left:0;\" data-lightboxsocialdirection=\"horizontal\" data-lightboxsocialbuttonsize=\"32\" data-lightboxsocialbuttonfontsize=\"18\" data-lightboxtitlestyle=\"bottom\" data-lightboximagepercentage=\"75\" data-lightboxdefaultvideovolume=\"1\" data-lightboxtitleprefix=\"%NUM \/ %TOTAL\" data-lightboxtitleinsidecss=\"color:#fff; font-size:16px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left;\" data-lightboxdescriptioninsidecss=\"color:#fff; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;\" data-lightboxfullscreentitlebottomcss=\"color:#fff; font-size:16px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 8px 8px;\" data-lightboxfullscreendescriptionbottomcss=\"color:#fff; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;\" data-lightboxsmallscreenheight=\"415\" data-lightboxbarheightonsmallheight=\"64\" data-lazyloadmode=\"none\" data-itemsperpage=\"12\" data-loadmorecaption=\"Load More\" data-loadmorecssstyle=\"wpp-loadmore-greybutton\" data-paginationcssstyle=\"wpp-pagination-greybutton\" data-paginationpos=\"bottom\" data-lightboxenteranimation=\"\" data-lightboxexitanimation=\"\" data-lightboxnavarrowspos=\"inside\" data-lightboxslideinterval=\"5000\" data-lightboxtimerposition=\"bottom\" data-lightboxtimercolor=\"#dc572e\" data-lightboxtimeropacity=\"1\" data-lightboxbordersize=\"8\" data-lightboxborderradius=\"0\" data-categoryregulardropdown=\"false\" data-jsfolder=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/wonderplugin-gridgallery-trial\/engine\/\" data-skinsfoldername=\"skins\/default\/\" style=\"display:none;position:relative;margin:0 auto;width:100%;max-width:200px;\" ><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-list\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=65000\" data-title=\"Retour Ouzbekistan 2019\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" alt=\"Retour Ouzbekistan 2019\" src=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ouzbekistan-2019-300x225.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66333\" data-title=\"Madrasa Koukeldach\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" alt=\"Madrasa Koukeldach\" src=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Madrasa-Koukeldach-300x225.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66330\" data-title=\"Cath\u00e9drale\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" alt=\"Cath\u00e9drale\" src=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cath\u00e9drale-300x225.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66335\" data-title=\"Mus\u00e9e Tamerlan\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" alt=\"Mus\u00e9e Tamerlan\" src=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Mus\u00e9e-Tamerlan-300x225.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66334\" data-title=\"Marche Chorsu\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" alt=\"Marche Chorsu\" src=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Marche-Chorsu-300x225.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-engine\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wonderplugin.com\/wordpress-gridgallery\/\" title=\"WordPress Portfolio\">WordPress Portfolio<\/a><\/div><\/div><script>jQuery(document).ready(function(){setTimeout(function(){jQuery(window).trigger(\"resize\");},500);});<\/script><script>function wpgridgallery_91_appendcss(csscode) {var head=document.head || document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0];var style=document.createElement(\"style\");head.appendChild(style);style.type=\"text\/css\";if (style.styleSheet){style.styleSheet.cssText=csscode;} else {style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(csscode));}};wpgridgallery_91_appendcss(\"@import url(https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Open+Sans);  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-text {     background-color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);     color: #fff;     text-align: center;     font: 14px \\\"open sans\\\", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;     padding: 8px 0px;     position: absolute;     left: 0px;     bottom: 0px;     width: 100%;     box-sizing: border-box;     -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;     -moz-box-sizing: border-box; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-title {     font-size: 14px; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-description {     font-size: 12px; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-button { }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-caption {     font: 14px \\\"open sans\\\", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;     text-align: center;    color: #333; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-caption-title {     font-size: 14px; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-caption-description {     font-size: 12px; }  .wpgridgallery-socialmedia-button { \tdisplay: inline-block; \tmargin: 4px; }  .wpgridgallery-socialmedia-button a { \tbox-shadow: none; }  .wpgridgallery-socialmedia-icon { \tdisplay:table-cell; \twidth:32px; \theight:32px; \tfont-size:18px; \tborder-radius:50%; \tcolor:#fff; \tvertical-align:middle; \ttext-align:center; \tcursor:pointer; \tpadding:0; }  .wpgridgallery-socialmedia-rotate { \ttransition: transform .4s ease-in;  }   .wpgridgallery-socialmedia-rotate:hover {  \ttransform: rotate(360deg);  }\");wpgridgallery_91_appendcss(\"#wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wpp-category-greybutton .wonderplugin-gridgallery-tag { \tborder: none; \tbackground: #666; \tcolor: #fff;   \tpadding: 6px 12px; \tfont-size: 12px; \tfont-weight: normal; \t   \tfont-family: \\\"Lucida Sans Unicode\\\",\\\"Lucida Grande\\\",sans-serif,Arial;   \tbox-sizing: border-box;    \tcursor: pointer;   \ttext-align: center;   \ttext-decoration: none;   \ttext-shadow: none;   \ttext-transform: none;   \twhite-space: nowrap;   \t-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;   \tborder-radius: 2px;   \ttransition: background-color 0.3s ease; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wpp-category-greybutton .wonderplugin-gridgallery-tag:hover, #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wpp-category-greybutton .wonderplugin-gridgallery-tag:focus { \tborder: none; \tbackground: #999; \tcolor: #fff; }  #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wpp-category-greybutton .wonderplugin-gridgallery-tag-selected, #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wpp-category-greybutton .wonderplugin-gridgallery-tag-selected:hover, #wonderplugingridgallery-91 .wpp-category-greybutton .wonderplugin-gridgallery-tag-selected:focus { \tborder: none; \tbackground: #f3b200; \tcolor: #fff; }\");<\/script><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C&rsquo;est la m\u00e9dersa la plus importante des vingt-trois que comprend la vieille ville de Tachkent. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite au plus tard en 1568-1569 par le ministre (vizir) des sultans chaybanides, Barak Khan et Dervich Khan, et a pris le nom de \u00ab Koukeldach \u00bb, ce qui signifie \u00ab fr\u00e8re de lait \u00bb, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire en&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\" [&hellip;]\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/?page_id=66333\">Afficher plus <i class=\"os-icon os-icon-angle-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":66258,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-full-height.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66333","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=66333"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66333\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=66333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=66333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4mandous.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=66333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}